Hip fracture in the elderly
A hip fracture in elderly individuals is a serious injury that can have significant consequences on their quality of life and independence. This type of injury often involves a long recovery period, and for older people, it can be an especially challenging and stressful experience. In addition to physical pain, fear is also present – fear of losing mobility, becoming dependent on others, and the uncertainty of what the future holds. In such moments, it is essential to show understanding and provide empathetic support. It is also crucial to know that with appropriate care, professional rehabilitation, and the support of family, many elderly patients successfully recover from hip fractures and regain their mobility.
People at risk of hip fracture
Some older adults fall into a higher risk group and are more susceptible to hip fractures. Several factors contribute to increased risk, the most common being:
Advanced age and gender – As we age, bones naturally lose density and strength. Women, particularly after menopause, have a higher risk of hip fractures due to decreased bone density (osteoporosis).
Osteoporosis and weak bones – Osteoporosis is a condition that causes bones to become brittle. Bones weakened by osteoporosis can break even with a minor injury. People with low calcium and vitamin D intake or those with eating disorders often suffer from decreased bone strength.
History of falls and balance issues – Elderly individuals who have already experienced falls or have problems with balance and walking (for example, due to weak muscles or vision problems) are at a higher risk. Even seemingly harmless incidents, like tripping over a rug, can lead to a hip fracture.
Chronic illnesses – Neurological and other diseases can affect stability and mobility. For example, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, or arthritis can increase the likelihood of falling. In addition, certain medications that cause dizziness or drowsiness may contribute to the risk of falls.
Genetic factors and lifestyle – Genetics also play a role – individuals whose parents had osteoporosis or bone fractures may be more prone to similar issues. Poor lifestyle habits, such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, can further weaken bones and affect balance.
Understanding these risk factors helps in taking timely preventive measures: a healthier diet rich in calcium, regular physical activity adjusted to the individual’s capabilities, and modifying the home environment to reduce the risk of falls.
How to recognize the symptoms of a hip fracture
Quick recognition of hip fracture symptoms is crucial for timely medical assistance. If an elderly person falls or injures the hip area, pay attention to the following symptoms:
Severe pain in the hip or groin area – Intense pain usually occurs immediately and intensifies with any movement or attempt to put weight on the injured leg. Sometimes even a hairline fracture (a minor bone crack) can cause persistent pain.
Inability to stand or walk – A person with a hip fracture typically cannot stand on the injured leg or walk. If it is impossible to bear weight on the leg after a fall, this is a serious indicator of injury.
Swelling and bruising – Swelling and visible bruises often appear in the hip and thigh area. A swollen, tender region indicates internal bleeding and trauma following impact.
Deformity of the leg or foot – In cases of hip fracture, the leg may appear slightly shorter or abnormally turned outward. This positioning of the leg is a common indicator of a fractured femur near the hip.
Limited range of motion in the joint – Any attempt to move the hip or rotate the leg causes severe pain and is limited. The person instinctively holds the leg still due to discomfort.
If you observe these symptoms in a loved one following a fall, seek medical help immediately. A hip fracture requires urgent intervention—most often surgery—to properly set the bone. The faster the response, the higher the chances of successful recovery and the lower the risk of complications.
Top 5 factors that affect inadequate hip mobility
After an injury or due to certain health conditions, many older adults experience reduced hip mobility. Below are the five most common factors that contribute to inadequate hip joint mobility in seniors:
Osteoarthritis and degenerative changes – Years of joint wear and tear can lead to hip osteoarthritis. This degenerative condition causes pain and joint stiffness, significantly limiting movement. As the cartilage wears down, bones begin to rub against each other, leading to pain and reduced range of motion.
Weak muscles and lack of physical activity – A sedentary lifestyle leads to the loss of muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia). Weak muscles surrounding the hip reduce joint stability. Additionally, insufficient movement causes stiffness. Regular, age-appropriate physical activity (such as walking or light exercises) can improve both mobility and balance.
Consequences of injury and inadequate rehabilitation – Following a hip fracture or surgery, professional recovery is key. If rehabilitation is incomplete or discontinued too soon due to pain, this can lead to lasting joint stiffness and reduced functionality. Additionally, fear of falling again may cause the person to avoid movement, further weakening the hip.
Chronic conditions and medications – Illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, or Parkinson’s disease can significantly impact hip mobility over time. These conditions cause pain, loss of balance, or muscle weakness. Furthermore, some medications (such as corticosteroids or sedatives) may weaken bones or cause dizziness, indirectly affecting mobility.
Environment and habits – If an elderly person lives in a home full of obstacles (slippery floors, stairs without handrails, poor lighting), they are less likely to move around or will do so with greater risk. The fear of falling often leads to reduced activity levels. The use of proper aids (like a cane or walker) and adapting the home environment can improve safety and encourage movement.
Understanding these factors helps us better tailor the care and rehabilitation plan for older adults. Each of these challenges has a solution or a way to be mitigated – through medical therapy, exercise, or environmental adjustments – to help seniors maintain as much independence and quality of life as possible.
Professional support after hip surgery
Treating a hip fracture typically involves surgical intervention (such as joint replacement or bone fixation), followed by a period of recovery. This is when professional care becomes essential. Rehabilitation after a hip fracture is a complex process that includes physical therapy, proper nursing, and constant supervision by medical professionals. Many families are unable to provide the necessary round-the-clock care at home – this is where a specialized facility like Vila Košuta plays a crucial role.
Vila Košuta is a modern nursing home with rehabilitation services, located in a peaceful area of Belgrade, in the Višnjička Banja neighborhood (Palilula municipality). Our facility specializes in the care and rehabilitation of elderly individuals recovering from hip fractures and other orthopedic procedures. In a comfortable and safe environment, under the attentive supervision of medical staff and physiotherapists, each resident receives an individualized recovery plan. This means we closely monitor progress, adjust exercises based on the person’s abilities, and consider their overall health condition.
At a nursing home for the elderly in Belgrade such as Vila Košuta, seniors have everything they need in one place: medical care, physical therapy focused on strengthening the hips and legs, assistance with daily activities (getting up, dressing, hygiene), as well as emotional support and companionship. When it comes to hip fracture recovery in Palilula, our experienced team ensures that rehabilitation is safe and effective, while maintaining the dignity and comfort of each resident.
It is important to remember that recovery is not just a physical process, but also a psychological one. The empathetic approach of the Vila Košuta team helps seniors regain confidence after a traumatic event such as a hip fracture. Additionally, the presence of peers and shared social activities in the home can motivate patients to remain consistent with their exercises and make faster progress.
If you or a loved one needs professional care after hip surgery, contact us today for more information. We’ll gladly answer all your questions and help you schedule a tour of our facility in Višnjička Banja. Discover why we are a leading nursing home in Višnjička Banja and how our approach can support successful hip fracture rehabilitation in Belgrade. Your health and recovery are our top priority – we are here to walk every step of the way with you toward better days.